The effects of the hydrodynamic processes on the distribution of passive drifters in the Gulf of Lions (GoL) have been investigated using a Lagrangian approach coupled with a 3D circulation model (Symphonie). We consider passive drifters, for which transport processes are determined solely by the 3D flow fields, which are in turn primarily forced by the North Mediterranean Current (NMC) and by the Rhˆone fresh-water inputs. The model reproduces 600 3D Lagrangian trajectories of particles released along the coastal area of the GoL during the winter period (January-February). The GoL has been divided into four sectors, each corresponding to a zone playing a strategic role in the hydrodynamics of the study area. The macroscopic characteristics of the transport on the shelf zone are analyzed in terms of total concentration and residence times of the cluster released in the basin. Particle distributions are strongly related to the mesoscale and sub-mesoscale hydrodynamic structures on the shelf and to the offshore circulation associated with the NMC. Two crucial areas are identified: a dispersive zone, corresponding to the central part of the continental shelf, and a wide offshore zone, representing an area of both aggregation and transition.