, 201 s; ? ranges from ? = 0.180 s for the ultra fast condition to ? = 0.240 s for the ultra precise condition. Instructions to emphasize precision lead to higher values of ?. A one-way ANOVA on the factor instruction gives F (4, 75) = 6.200, p < 0.001, ? 2 = 0.249, which shows a statistically significant, moderate effect of instruction on ?, comparison, the effect of instruction on total movement time
, Effect on D ? : grand mean for D ? is 0, vol.102
, 090 m for the ultra precise condition. Instructions to emphasize speed lead to larger values of D ?. A one-way ANOVA on D ? with factor instruction gives F (4, 75) = 8.579, p < 0.001, ? 2 = 0.314, which shows a statistically significant, D ? ranges from D ? = 0.120 m for the ultra fast condition to ? = 0
Although the effects on these factors are sometimes statistically significant, they are always very small compared to those on total movement time (time differences ? 100 ms vs, The duration of the first (variance-increasing) phase of the PVP is invariant to changes in D ,
, In the PD-dataset, differences of ? induced by varying the factors do not exceed 100 ms, whereas differences in movement time can exceed 1 s. In the G-dataset, the contrast is even greater, with difference in ? values of at most 60 ms, ? 60 ms vs. ? 1.5 s in the G-dataset)
, In the PD-dataset we found that both levels of D induce D ? = 0.65 D, the G-dataset, averaging the D ? for conditions
) a first variance-increasing phase of constant duration that lasts about 200 to 300 ms, where about 2/3 of the distance is covered, followed by (2) a second variance-decreasing phase to meet the accuracy constraints. This simple two-phase description is a good match with twocomponent models of Woodworth, Trajectories in the tapping task can thus be described by ,
, Considering ? as constant greatly simplifies considerations since the effect of D, ID, W and instructions on ? lead to differences whose magnitude matches the within 1, European Mathematical Psychology Group, 2015.
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